A high-stakes round of talks between the United States and Iran wrapped up in Switzerland on Monday with both sides claiming significant progress, even as Israeli strikes in Lebanon and a dispute over the Strait of Hormuz kept the fragile framework on a knife’s edge.

Meeting at a lakeside resort near Lake Lucerne, American and Iranian delegations, with Qatar and Pakistan mediating, agreed to a road map toward a final deal within 60 days. In a joint statement, the mediators described the atmosphere as positive and constructive and announced the creation of a high-level committee to carry forward technical negotiations through the week. Working groups on nuclear oversight and sanctions were established, alongside a deconfliction mechanism aimed at preventing clashes in Lebanon and the Strait from spiraling into wider war.

Vice President JD Vance, who led the American side, called the negotiations a productive 36 hours and pointed to what he framed as the central breakthrough: Iran’s agreement to allow international nuclear inspectors back into the country, a step he called a major milestone. He said the two sides had also built a mechanism to keep the Strait of Hormuz open and to coordinate quickly during regional flareups. The United States, he stressed, wants a regional ceasefire that protects both Israel’s security and Lebanon’s sovereignty.

The talks unfolded under a heavy cloud. Israeli strikes killed more than a dozen people in Lebanon over the weekend, attacks Israel said were a response to Hezbollah fire. Iran, which insists the agreement requires an end to all fighting in Lebanon, had declared the Strait of Hormuz closed, a claim the U.S. military disputed, noting that dozens of tankers continued to pass through. President Trump warned on social media that Iran must rein in its proxies in Lebanon or face renewed American strikes, even harder than before.

Israel, notably, is not a party to the agreement, and much of the friction centers on whether Washington can restrain its closest ally. For now, a deal exists on paper and momentum is building, but the road to a lasting peace runs directly through the contested hills of southern Lebanon.

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